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A new national report praised University of California campuses and the University of Southern California for enrolling large numbers of low-income students who receive federal Pell grants. But the study criticized many other elite schools for falling far short.
The nine UC campuses, USC and several other California colleges with selective admissions criteria surpass the recommendation that Pell grant recipients comprise at least 20 percent of their undergraduates, according to the report being released Tuesday by Georgetown University’s Center on Education and the Workforce.
Even the UC campuses with the toughest admission competition enroll far more than that suggested level: UC Berkeley, UCLA and UC San Diego show Pell ratios of 31.4 percent, 35.9 percent and 40.1 percent each, the survey noted. UC Riverside and UC Merced go as high as 57.5 percent and 61.5 percent, respectively.
Private California schools with strong rates include USC, 23.4 percent; University of San Francisco, 26 percent; Occidental College, 21.6 percent; and Pepperdine University, 21.1 percent, according to the report based on federal statistics.
The study, entitled “The 20% Solution: Selective Colleges Can Afford to Admit More Pell Grant Recipients,” says that 163 of the nation’s 500 most selective colleges and universities are below that 20 percent mark. It argues that elite schools would not suffer academically or financially if they expand their Pell numbers.
The report says that Pell students deserve more opportunities at selective, four-year colleges, where graduation rates are significantly higher than at community colleges. Getting more elite schools to reach the 20 percent enrollment goal “could go a long way toward advancing equity in this country by giving students in poor financial circumstances a far greater chance of succeeding,” it said.
Schools with high Pell percentages include, it notes, “perhaps the nation’s most respected public university, the University of California at Berkeley, and a member of the Ivy League, Columbia University (21.4 percent). If these elite public and private institutions can maintain their standing while enrolling more than 20 percent Pell Grant recipients, it suggests that other elite colleges and universities can do so, too.”
Most Pell grant recipients come from families with incomes below $30,000 a year. Their maximum Pell grant this year is $5,815, and recipients often qualify for much additional aid and loans from other sources.
The study contends that such levels can be reached without lowering admissions standards since about 150,000 Pell grant recipients scored at least 1120 on their SAT exams, which is the median for students at selective colleges. And the report strongly suggests that many elite campuses have large enough endowments and revenues to be able to afford to supplement whatever financial aid those students need beyond the Pell money.
Some prestigious private schools with low Pell rates include: Washington University in St. Louis, 6.7 percent; the University of Notre Dame, 11.2 percent; Harvard University, 13 percent; Georgetown, the study’s home campus, 13 percent; and Stanford University in California, at 15.6 percent. But some public campuses score low too, including University of Colorado at Boulder, 17.5 percent; University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, 15.7 percent; and Penn State’s main campus, 16.6 percent.
A move to increase Pell rates has some bipartisan support in Congress. U.S. Sens. Christopher A. Coons, D-Del., and Johnny Isakson, R.-Ga., have introduced legislation that would require selective colleges to enroll more low-income students or pay a fee to remain in the federal student aid program.
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JERALD FEINSTEIN 7 years ago7 years ago
Several issues - this is a zero-sum game since these "selective" colleges are not increasing their enrollment pool to take the additional Pell Grant students, thus worthy middle class students currently are being denied admission where previously this would not have been the case, thus further fueling the working class revolt that we see growing today and changing the political landscape. The other point I'm concerned about is the use of "true" but "misleading" statements such … Read More
Several issues – this is a zero-sum game since these “selective” colleges are not increasing their enrollment pool to take the additional Pell Grant students, thus worthy middle class students currently are being denied admission where previously this would not have been the case, thus further fueling the working class revolt that we see growing today and changing the political landscape.
The other point I’m concerned about is the use of “true” but “misleading” statements such as the “selective, four-year colleges, where graduation rates are significantly higher than at community colleges.” While that is true, it has a lot to do with the fact that many community colleges have open enrollments for residents, and almost all open or nearly open enrollment institutions have significantly lower graduation rates. Thus it would be interesting to compare the graduation rates of Pell Grant students, with similar SAT scores, among different universities to measure the effect the university might actually have in contributing to graduation rates. Good students do well wherever they are and some community colleges have higher quality instructors than some “selective” colleges.
Last, it is sad that the federal government is again considering legislation to fine “selective” universities for not admitting enough Pell Grant students. The term “selective” – as applied to a college or university – actually has to do with the popularity of a university and size of their admissions pool, and not necessarily academic rigor. It is actually the ratio of those accepted to those applying for admission; the lower that ratio, the more selective that college becomes. A point of interest is that a certain type of school can become more selective if their athletic teams do well in a particular year as that tends to increase the applicant pool. Others can work that magic by decreasing their admission pool; however, that impacts revenue so that’s done as a last resort.
Congress might want to study admissions dynamics in more detail before rushing inadequate legislation.
Don 7 years ago7 years ago
Pell Grant students cannot pay the $60K plus annual costs of college at elite institutions. Generally they cannot afford to pay any tuition and expenses at all. But, in general, middle class students cannot afford it either. If Pell Grant students get a free ride, middle class students will be expected to pay far more and will be entirely priced out. There's a limited pot and something's got to give. I cannot afford to … Read More
Pell Grant students cannot pay the $60K plus annual costs of college at elite institutions. Generally they cannot afford to pay any tuition and expenses at all. But, in general, middle class students cannot afford it either. If Pell Grant students get a free ride, middle class students will be expected to pay far more and will be entirely priced out. There’s a limited pot and something’s got to give. I cannot afford to pay my son’s tuition, but because I’m middle class I’m expected to. This article either promoted the notion of a free lunch or that some students are more deserving than others based upon their socioeconomic status.