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Walking through the hallways of Tranquility Elementary School, Principal Matt Kinnunen regularly pokes his head into classrooms to check on his teachers, especially the newer ones.
He asks about their day, assists them with student lessons and offers advice. It’s part of a routine to help them feel valued and supported. And maybe that will keep a few from leaving the small, rural campus in California’s Central Valley, a region hit especially hard by the state’s ongoing teacher shortage.
Kinnunen’s school is one of six that make up Golden Plains Unified, a 1,770-student district 40 miles west of Fresno that spreads across three tiny towns and 16,600 acres of mostly almond, raisin and cotton farms.
For the past few years, Golden Plains’ schools have struggled to recruit and retain teachers – and it’s only getting worse. This reflects a challenge that many rural districts are experiencing. For a range of reasons, include their remoteness, their generally small size and a lack of media coverage, teacher shortages in rural districts have received far less attention than those in inner-city schools. The state’s Department of Education also doesn’t have a system for identifying whether districts are rural, urban or suburban, at least in part because more often than not, a district doesn’t fit neatly into one of those categories.
Currently, 12 of the 84 Golden Plains Unified teachers have either intern credentials or permits, meaning they haven’t finished teacher preparation programs but were hired because of the district’s limited options.
Kinnunen, overseeing the campus in the town of Tranquility, the size of six square blocks with 800 residents, knows the problem well. Two new teachers he hired this summer quit before the first day of classes after they received better last-minute offers elsewhere.
“It’s difficult to attract and keep teachers when they’re pulled and poached away,” Tranquility Elementary Principal Matt Kinnunen said.
To cover the classes, administrators assigned four intern or permit teachers. That represents one-third of Tranquility’s entire teaching staff.
Meanwhile, two veteran teachers have already told him they’re leaving at the end of the school year for jobs in more urban areas closer to their homes. And he still doesn’t know whether another might retire.
“It’s difficult to attract and keep teachers when they’re pulled and poached away,” he said.
Many candidates either reject a job at Golden Plains because they can more easily find work in more urban districts, or they accept a job in the district, then leave after a year or two for districts with better pay or benefits.
“It’s become tougher to develop a consistency of teachers for our students,” said Kinnunen, who grew up in the nearby town of San Joaquin, the son of an alfalfa and wheat farmer.
Help wanted
Golden Plains Unified resembles many rural districts across California struggling with a shortage of qualified teachers, resulting in high rates of underprepared teachers and plenty of vacancies.
Four of the six Golden Plains Unified campuses border sprawling farms that stretch to the horizon. The district’s students are mostly poor and learning English. They live predominantly in the towns of Tranquility, San Joaquin and Helm. The two-lane roads that traverse through the region primarily carry pick-up trucks, tractors and other farm equipment, but don’t have a single traffic light. Packing houses, silos and mills far outnumber restaurants and markets.
And following several years of the state’s unforgiving drought, dozens of businesses have shuttered, leaving behind empty storefronts and vacant lots. This has caused a surge in families moving around the Central Valley in search of steady work. These factors add more layers to the already tough task of bringing in new teachers.
“Because of our population and our isolation, we used to look for a special type of teacher who could work well in this type of environment,” said Maria Bustos-Flores, director of human resources at Golden Plains Unified.
“We looked for those with incredible patience, with a talent for bringing out the best from students who don’t always have the same opportunities,” she said. “Bilingual teachers were also at the top of our list.”
But now, Golden Plains Unified has trouble finding any type of teacher. Recruiters from the district have spent much of the winter and spring visiting teaching colleges statewide, combing through online job boards, such as EdJoin, and attending regional job fairs, where they set up tables alongside dozens of other districts, who are also starved for new teachers.
“We’ve been recruiting for weeks for next school year and found that most fully credentialed candidates already found jobs elsewhere,” Bustos-Flores said.
That’s forced the district to rely more heavily on hiring intern teachers and those with short-term permits to ensure every classroom is staffed.
Intern teachers are those who get limited training during the summer preceding the school year, and then begin teaching while they work to get their full credential by taking night and weekend classes. Permits can be issued to substitute teachers who don’t need a credential for up to 90 days in order to fill a temporary staffing vacancy. Permit teachers often have just started, or often haven’t begun, teacher training programs. These permits can be renewed after 90 days if the district has yet to hire a fully credentialed replacement. Waivers are given to teachers who are credentialed in one subject, but are assigned to teach another. Golden Plains has no teachers with waivers.
The trend is not unique to Golden Plains. In fact, California’s Commission on Teacher Credentialing issued more than 10,000 permits, waivers and intern credentials last year, double what it did in 2014. Although these teachers still comprise a tiny proportion of the more than 300,000 teachers in California, the fact that their numbers are increasing has raised concerns among educators and researchers.
“The most recent evidence shows that… substandard credentials and permits are rapidly increasing,” according to a report released in February by the Learning Policy Institute, a Palo Alto-based research and policy organization. The institute has issued a series of reports and policy briefs for over a year chronicling school districts’ struggle to recruit and retain enough teachers to fill all vacancies.
“There are thousands of students today in classrooms with teachers who are wholly unprepared. Schools in urban and rural areas or with low-income, high-minority, and/or high-English learner student populations may continue to struggle to find qualified teachers,” according to the report.
Golden Plains ranks among the top 100 districts out of the more than 1,000 statewide for the rate of permits and intern credentials based on student enrollment, according to state commission data.
Everyone pitching in
For Golden Plain’s veteran teachers, principals and other staff, working with so many underprepared teachers often means additional work for them.
Kinnunen, the Tranquility principal, said that more than halfway through the school year, his four intern and permit teachers now run their classrooms as efficiently as their veteran peers. But he credits his entire staff for helping them get up to speed.
At the start of the school year, the principal spent much of the school day working with veteran teachers as they mentored those with temporary credentials. They helped them build lessons and offered guidance for how to lead a classroom.
“Veteran teachers have to buy into this because it means extra work on top of their normal class loads,” he said.
Sixth-grade teacher Maria Teresa Fernandez is the veteran Kinnunen often turns to. Fernandez, a Mexican-born immigrant who moved to the country at the age of 11, joined Golden Plains Unified six years ago as a kindergarten teacher.
“It is really hard to see (newer) teachers leave my district after the first year or sometimes after a couple of months,” said Fernandez, who commutes to work from Fresno. “This is heartbreaking for the students because they have to go through the change constantly.”
“The most rewarding experience I get working in Tranquility is the connection I have with the community,” said Fernandez, a bilingual teacher. “If other teachers build the same connection, then they’re less likely to leave.”
Unique challenges for hiring, retaining teachers
Phoua Vang, a 5th-grade teacher, arrived at San Joaquin Elementary three years ago with an intern credential.
The resident of Clovis, a suburb of Fresno, decided to stay at Golden Plains Unified after she completed her training program because she enjoyed working at a small district and school where all the teachers knew each other, allowing for constant sharing of ideas and best practices.
But a few weeks ago, Vang told her principal that her husband’s job is pulling them away at the end of the year to the city of Modesto, about 150 miles away. Vang later decided to stay at Tranquility through the end of next year.
“It wasn’t a decision based on anything having to do with the district,” she said. “I like my job. I love my students. But for my family, there are better opportunities in more urban communities.”
That’s the challenge many rural districts now face amid the state’s teacher shortage, said Desiree Carver-Thomas, a researcher at the Learning Policy Institute. The institute has concluded that the teacher shortage is the most severe among rural and inner-city districts. By subject, the institute has found that special education, math, science and bilingual education have the highest demand.
Rural districts have traditionally struggled to compete for teachers with many urban and suburban districts. But following the recession, when thousands of teachers statewide left the profession and fewer students entered teacher training programs, rural districts’ ability to attract candidates sunk even further.
Rural districts tend to have fewer preparation and mentoring programs to help them recruit and retain teachers because their campuses are smaller and more isolated not only from other districts, but also from sister schools within the same district, Carver-Thomas said. That often prevents rural districts from pooling resources, she said. By comparison, districts that employ hundreds or thousands of teachers located in more urban areas can more easily share resources.
Lower starting salaries in rural districts also help syphon candidates away to larger, more urban districts, Carver-Thomas said.
Urban districts generally have to offer higher salaries because of the higher cost of living in those communities. At Golden Plains Unified, the starting teacher salary is currently $40,253, which is comparable to other neighboring rural districts. But it lags behind the $45,000 starting salary at the Fresno Unified School District, part of a region of about 1 million residents, where most of the Golden Plains Unified teachers live.
The district is also losing teachers to retirement faster than it can hire replacements. Sixteen teachers retired last school year, and officials expect just as many this school year. Statewide high retirement rates are outpacing the rates of people entering the profession, with an estimated 25 percent of the state’s teaching workforce expected to retire between 2014 and 2024, according to an October report from the research institute Regional Education Laboratory West at WestEd.
Growing a workforce
Next year, Golden Plains will increase a signing bonus initiative to help encourage more teaching candidates to choose the district.
This school year, all new teachers received a $3,000 signing bonus. For 2017-18, bilingual teachers hired by the district will receive $7,300, while all other new hires will receive $5,000.
“The bonuses can make some difference, but it’s not a long-term solution,” said Bustos-Flores, the district’s director of Human Resources.
The district has also put a stronger focus on growing its workforce from within, by encouraging its students to choose teaching as a profession, then return to the community after they earn their credential.
Officials have discussed forming a teacher career pathway, a high school program that blends academics with hands-on work experience to prepare students for careers as teachers.
In the meantime, teachers, principals and counselors point to success stories of local Golden Plains Unified graduates who now work at the district.
They include Kinnunen, the Tranquility principal, who worked as a chemical salesman after earning an agriculture degree at Fresno State.
“I worked hard for three months, but I felt empty,” he said.
He sought advice from his mother, a Golden Plains Unified teacher then, and began substitute teaching before he earned his credential, then spent eight years in the classroom at San Joaquin Elementary.
Salvador Gomez, a 7th-grade permit teacher at Tranquility, grew up five minutes from campus.
“When I watch these kids, it’s like I’m watching myself at that age,” he said.
Gomez, the son of immigrant farmworkers, proudly wears his blue-and-yellow “Tranquility Tigers Alumni” T-shirt to class at least once a week.
“By working here, I feel like I’m giving something back to the school that did so much for me as a child,” he said. “Maybe I can serve as inspiration to one or two of my students who might someday decide they want to become Golden Plains teachers too.”
County | District | Intern | Permit | Waiver | Enrollment | Rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alameda | Alameda City Unified | 7 | 16 | 0 | 11101 | 2.07 |
Alameda | Albany City Unified | 2 | 11 | 0 | 3822 | 3.40 |
Alameda | Berkeley Unified | 1 | 15 | 0 | 10462 | 1.53 |
Alameda | Castro Valley Unified | 4 | 1 | 0 | 9366 | 0.53 |
Alameda | Dublin Unified | 2 | 3 | 0 | 9965 | 0.50 |
Alameda | Emery Unified | 0 | 3 | 0 | 698 | 4.30 |
Alameda | Fremont Unified | 17 | 17 | 0 | 34852 | 0.98 |
Alameda | Hayward Unified | 10 | 20 | 1 | 22846 | 1.36 |
Alameda | Livermore Valley Joint Unified | 7 | 24 | 0 | 14052 | 2.21 |
Alameda | New Haven Unified | 9 | 14 | 0 | 12171 | 1.89 |
Alameda | Newark Unified | 3 | 8 | 0 | 6013 | 1.83 |
Alameda | Oakland Unified | 90 | 171 | 30 | 49098 | 5.93 |
Alameda | Piedmont City Unified | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2708 | 1.48 |
Alameda | Pleasanton Unified | 4 | 14 | 0 | 14754 | 1.22 |
Alameda | San Leandro Unified | 6 | 6 | 0 | 8560 | 1.40 |
Alameda | San Lorenzo Unified | 9 | 12 | 1 | 11965 | 1.84 |
Amador | Amador County Office of Education | 4 | 0 | 0 | 231 | 17.32 |
Amador | Amador County Unified | 0 | 5 | 0 | 3829 | 1.31 |
Butte | Biggs Unified | 1 | 0 | 0 | 602 | 1.66 |
Butte | Butte County Office of Education | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1116 | 4.48 |
Butte | Chico Unified | 3 | 3 | 0 | 13849 | 0.43 |
Butte | Oroville Union High | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2227 | 3.59 |
Butte | Paradise Unified | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4289 | 1.40 |
Calaveras | Calaveras County Office of Education | 0 | 3 | 0 | 569 | 5.27 |
Calaveras | Calaveras Unified | 2 | 6 | 0 | 2996 | 2.67 |
Calaveras | Mark Twain Union Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 804 | 2.49 |
Colusa | Colusa County Office of Education | 1 | 2 | 0 | 375 | 8.00 |
Colusa | Colusa Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1462 | 0.68 |
Colusa | Maxwell Unified | 1 | 1 | 0 | 329 | 6.08 |
Colusa | Pierce Joint Unified | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1486 | 3.36 |
Colusa | Williams Unified | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1345 | 2.97 |
Contra Costa | Acalanes Union High | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5546 | 0.36 |
Contra Costa | Antioch Unified | 10 | 14 | 0 | 17874 | 1.34 |
Contra Costa | Brentwood Union Elementary | 2 | 3 | 0 | 8738 | 0.57 |
Contra Costa | Byron Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2198 | 0.45 |
Contra Costa | Contra Costa County Office of Education | 9 | 7 | 0 | 4192 | 3.82 |
Contra Costa | John Swett Unified | 2 | 5 | 0 | 1754 | 3.99 |
Contra Costa | Knightsen Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 534 | 1.87 |
Contra Costa | Lafayette Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3576 | 0.28 |
Contra Costa | Liberty Union High | 4 | 2 | 0 | 8185 | 0.73 |
Contra Costa | Martinez Unified | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4199 | 0.95 |
Contra Costa | Moraga Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1886 | 0.53 |
Contra Costa | Mt. Diablo Unified | 9 | 32 | 0 | 32005 | 1.28 |
Contra Costa | Oakley Union Elementary | 5 | 12 | 2 | 5008 | 3.79 |
Contra Costa | Orinda Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2537 | 0.39 |
Contra Costa | Pittsburg Unified | 3 | 12 | 3 | 11076 | 1.63 |
Contra Costa | San Ramon Valley Unified | 9 | 38 | 2 | 32255 | 1.52 |
Contra Costa | Walnut Creek Elementary | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3613 | 1.11 |
Contra Costa | West Contra Costa Unified | 59 | 38 | 10 | 30973 | 3.45 |
Del Norte | Del Norte County Office of Education | 0 | 2 | 0 | 588 | 3.40 |
Del Norte | Del Norte County Unified | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3572 | 0.84 |
El Dorado | Black Oak Mine Unified | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1317 | 1.52 |
El Dorado | Buckeye Union Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5218 | 0.38 |
El Dorado | El Dorado County Office of Education | 5 | 2 | 0 | 959 | 7.30 |
El Dorado | El Dorado Union High | 3 | 8 | 0 | 6688 | 1.64 |
El Dorado | Lake Tahoe Unified | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3996 | 0.50 |
El Dorado | Mother Lode Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1063 | 0.94 |
El Dorado | Pioneer Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1910 | 0.52 |
El Dorado | Placerville Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1277 | 0.78 |
El Dorado | Pollock Pines Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 697 | 2.87 |
El Dorado | Rescue Union Elementary | 1 | 4 | 0 | 3672 | 1.36 |
Fresno | Big Creek Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 59 | 16.95 |
Fresno | Burrel Union Elementary | 3 | 5 | 0 | 120 | 66.67 |
Fresno | Caruthers Unified | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1424 | 2.11 |
Fresno | Central Unified | 15 | 27 | 0 | 15717 | 2.67 |
Fresno | Clovis Unified | 16 | 24 | 0 | 41883 | 0.96 |
Fresno | Coalinga-Huron Unified | 6 | 20 | 1 | 4447 | 6.07 |
Fresno | Firebaugh-Las Deltas Unified | 7 | 11 | 0 | 2266 | 7.94 |
Fresno | Fowler Unified | 1 | 7 | 0 | 2531 | 3.16 |
Fresno | Fresno County Office of Education | 7 | 7 | 2 | 2253 | 7.10 |
Fresno | Fresno Unified | 55 | 112 | 0 | 73460 | 2.27 |
Fresno | Golden Plains Unified | 1 | 11 | 0 | 1778 | 6.75 |
Fresno | Kerman Unified | 3 | 13 | 0 | 5064 | 3.16 |
Fresno | Kings Canyon Joint Unified | 10 | 19 | 0 | 9717 | 2.98 |
Fresno | Kingsburg Elementary Charter | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2252 | 0.44 |
Fresno | Kingsburg Elementary Charter | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2252 | 2.22 |
Fresno | Kingsburg Joint Union High | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1186 | 1.69 |
Fresno | Laton Joint Unified | 2 | 7 | 0 | 701 | 12.84 |
Fresno | Mendota Unified | 7 | 11 | 0 | 3215 | 5.60 |
Fresno | Parlier Unified | 4 | 12 | 0 | 3381 | 4.73 |
Fresno | Riverdale Joint Unified | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1610 | 3.11 |
Fresno | Sanger Unified | 4 | 12 | 0 | 11438 | 1.40 |
Fresno | Selma Unified | 8 | 7 | 0 | 6541 | 2.29 |
Fresno | Sierra Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1311 | 0.76 |
Fresno | Washington Colony Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 425 | 2.35 |
Fresno | Washington Unified | 4 | 8 | 2 | 3045 | 4.60 |
Fresno | Washington Unified | 4 | 8 | 2 | 11012 | 1.27 |
Fresno | Westside Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 964 | 1.04 |
Glenn | Capay Joint Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 189 | 5.29 |
Glenn | Glenn County Office of Education | 1 | 0 | 1 | 458 | 4.37 |
Glenn | Orland Joint Unified | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2183 | 1.83 |
Glenn | Princeton Joint Unified | 1 | 0 | 0 | 164 | 6.10 |
Glenn | Willows Unified | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1435 | 0.70 |
Humboldt | Eureka City Schools | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3734 | 0.27 |
Humboldt | Ferndale Unified | 1 | 0 | 0 | 525 | 1.90 |
Humboldt | Fortuna Union High | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1134 | 0.88 |
Humboldt | Hydesville Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 197 | 5.08 |
Humboldt | Loleta Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 291 | 3.44 |
Humboldt | Mattole Unified | 1 | 1 | 0 | 721 | 2.77 |
Humboldt | Trinidad Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 177 | 5.65 |
Imperial | Brawley Elementary | 2 | 6 | 1 | 3911 | 2.30 |
Imperial | Calexico Unified | 8 | 15 | 1 | 9266 | 2.59 |
Imperial | Calipatria Unified | 5 | 6 | 0 | 1144 | 9.62 |
Imperial | Central Union High | 2 | 3 | 0 | 4120 | 1.21 |
Imperial | El Centro Elementary | 4 | 9 | 0 | 6231 | 2.09 |
Imperial | Heber Elementary | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1218 | 4.11 |
Imperial | Holtville Unified | 4 | 8 | 0 | 1585 | 7.57 |
Imperial | Imperial County Office of Education | 2 | 10 | 4 | 585 | 27.35 |
Imperial | Imperial Unified | 2 | 3 | 0 | 4036 | 1.24 |
Imperial | McCabe Union Elementary | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1364 | 3.67 |
Imperial | Meadows Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 459 | 2.18 |
Imperial | San Pasqual Valley Unified | 0 | 7 | 0 | 725 | 9.66 |
Imperial | Seeley Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 337 | 2.97 |
Imperial | Westmorland Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 359 | 2.79 |
Inyo | Death Valley Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 29 | 34.48 |
Inyo | Owens Valley Unified | 1 | 1 | 1 | 75 | 40.00 |
Kern | Arvin Union | 3 | 6 | 0 | 3069 | 2.93 |
Kern | Bakersfield City | 56 | 84 | 3 | 30222 | 4.73 |
Kern | Beardsley Elementary | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1782 | 3.37 |
Kern | Buttonwillow Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 379 | 2.64 |
Kern | Caliente Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 53 | 18.87 |
Kern | Delano Joint Union High | 6 | 24 | 5 | 4205 | 8.32 |
Kern | Delano Union Elementary | 4 | 12 | 0 | 7415 | 2.16 |
Kern | Di Giorgio Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 213 | 9.39 |
Kern | Edison Elementary | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1074 | 6.52 |
Kern | El Tejon Unified | 1 | 2 | 0 | 764 | 3.93 |
Kern | Elk Hills Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 196 | 10.20 |
Kern | Fairfax Elementary | 3 | 8 | 0 | 2540 | 4.33 |
Kern | Fruitvale Elementary | 1 | 5 | 0 | 3237 | 1.85 |
Kern | General Shafter Elementary | 2 | 1 | 0 | 153 | 19.61 |
Kern | Greenfield Union | 3 | 9 | 1 | 9271 | 1.40 |
Kern | Kern County Office of Education | 18 | 25 | 7 | 4468 | 11.19 |
Kern | Kern Union High School | 19 | 53 | 0 | 38070 | 1.89 |
Kern | Kernville Union Elementary | 2 | 6 | 0 | 877 | 9.12 |
Kern | Lakeside Union | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1318 | 2.28 |
Kern | Lamont Elementary | 2 | 8 | 0 | 3034 | 3.30 |
Kern | Lost Hills Union Elementary | 1 | 2 | 1 | 554 | 7.22 |
Kern | Maricopa Unified | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2138 | 1.87 |
Kern | McFarland Unified | 3 | 15 | 0 | 3544 | 5.08 |
Kern | Mojave Unified | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2713 | 3.32 |
Kern | Muroc Joint Unified | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1916 | 2.09 |
Kern | Norris Elementary | 2 | 6 | 0 | 4073 | 1.96 |
Kern | Panama-Buena Vista Union | 4 | 5 | 0 | 17545 | 0.51 |
Kern | Richland Union Elementary | 4 | 2 | 0 | 3508 | 1.71 |
Kern | Rio Bravo-Greeley Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1040 | 0.96 |
Kern | Rosedale Union Elementary | 6 | 6 | 0 | 5514 | 2.18 |
Kern | Semitropic Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 214 | 9.35 |
Kern | Sierra Sands Unified | 4 | 8 | 8 | 4963 | 4.03 |
Kern | South Fork Union | 1 | 2 | 0 | 241 | 12.45 |
Kern | Southern Kern Unified | 5 | 18 | 1 | 3214 | 7.47 |
Kern | Standard Elementary | 3 | 5 | 1 | 3068 | 2.93 |
Kern | Taft City | 8 | 9 | 0 | 2099 | 8.10 |
Kern | Taft Union High | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1048 | 1.91 |
Kern | Tehachapi Unified | 7 | 6 | 1 | 4232 | 3.31 |
Kern | Wasco Union Elementary | 6 | 10 | 0 | 3641 | 4.39 |
Kern | Wasco Union High | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1826 | 1.10 |
Kings | Armona Union Elementary | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1608 | 3.11 |
Kings | Central Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1706 | 0.59 |
Kings | Corcoran Joint Unified | 5 | 17 | 0 | 3300 | 6.67 |
Kings | Hanford Elementary | 9 | 7 | 0 | 5890 | 2.72 |
Kings | Hanford Joint Union High | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3772 | 1.06 |
Kings | Kings County Office of Education | 5 | 7 | 0 | 387 | 31.01 |
Kings | Kings River-Hardwick Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 790 | 1.27 |
Kings | Kit Carson Union Elementary | 1 | 4 | 0 | 613 | 8.16 |
Kings | Lakeside Union Elementary | 2 | 2 | 0 | 6566 | 0.61 |
Kings | Lemoore Union Elementary | 10 | 17 | 0 | 3190 | 8.46 |
Kings | Lemoore Union High | 4 | 7 | 0 | 2275 | 4.84 |
Kings | Pioneer Union Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1910 | 1.05 |
Kings | Reef-Sunset Unified | 1 | 7 | 1 | 2612 | 3.45 |
Lake | Kelseyville Unified | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1694 | 3.54 |
Lake | Konocti Unified | 6 | 23 | 0 | 3244 | 8.94 |
Lake | Lakeport Unified | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1558 | 1.28 |
Lake | Lucerne Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 255 | 3.92 |
Lake | Middletown Unified | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1654 | 3.02 |
Lassen | Big Valley Joint Unified | 2 | 0 | 0 | 164 | 12.20 |
Lassen | Janesville Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 351 | 2.85 |
Lassen | Johnstonville Elementary | 1 | 2 | 0 | 204 | 14.71 |
Lassen | Lassen County Office of Education | 1 | 4 | 0 | 25 | 200.00 |
Lassen | Lassen Union High | 0 | 2 | 0 | 839 | 2.38 |
Lassen | Ravendale-Termo Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 708 | 1.41 |
Lassen | Richmond Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 212 | 4.72 |
Lassen | Westwood Unified | 0 | 3 | 0 | 388 | 7.73 |
Los Angeles | ABC Unified | 2 | 2 | 1 | 20863 | 0.24 |
Los Angeles | Acton-Agua Dulce Unified | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7475 | 0.27 |
Los Angeles | Antelope Valley Union High | 15 | 7 | 0 | 24127 | 0.91 |
Los Angeles | Arcadia Unified | 1 | 3 | 0 | 9523 | 0.42 |
Los Angeles | Azusa Unified | 5 | 3 | 0 | 8900 | 0.90 |
Los Angeles | Bassett Unified | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3789 | 0.53 |
Los Angeles | Bellflower Unified | 8 | 0 | 0 | 12678 | 0.63 |
Los Angeles | Bonita Unified | 4 | 0 | 0 | 10269 | 0.39 |
Los Angeles | Burbank Unified | 1 | 8 | 0 | 16081 | 0.56 |
Los Angeles | Castaic Union | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2354 | 0.85 |
Los Angeles | Centinela Valley Union High | 10 | 1 | 0 | 7682 | 1.43 |
Los Angeles | Charter Oak Unified | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4954 | 0.61 |
Los Angeles | Claremont Unified | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6973 | 0.29 |
Los Angeles | Compton Unified | 15 | 0 | 0 | 21835 | 0.69 |
Los Angeles | Covina-Valley Unified | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11906 | 0.17 |
Los Angeles | Culver City Unified | 2 | 3 | 0 | 6763 | 0.74 |
Los Angeles | Downey Unified | 3 | 1 | 0 | 22649 | 0.18 |
Los Angeles | Duarte Unified | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3853 | 0.78 |
Los Angeles | East Whittier City Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8891 | 0.11 |
Los Angeles | Eastside Union Elementary | 1 | 6 | 0 | 3424 | 2.04 |
Los Angeles | El Monte City | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8709 | 0.23 |
Los Angeles | El Monte Union High | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9115 | 0.11 |
Los Angeles | El Rancho Unified | 1 | 3 | 0 | 8866 | 0.45 |
Los Angeles | Glendale Unified | 11 | 1 | 0 | 26117 | 0.46 |
Los Angeles | Glendora Unified | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7607 | 0.39 |
Los Angeles | Hacienda la Puente Unified | 3 | 0 | 0 | 19367 | 0.15 |
Los Angeles | Hawthorne | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8689 | 0.12 |
Los Angeles | Inglewood Unified | 1 | 6 | 0 | 13162 | 0.53 |
Los Angeles | Keppel Union Elementary | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2627 | 1.14 |
Los Angeles | La Canada Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4093 | 0.24 |
Los Angeles | Lancaster Elementary | 16 | 2 | 0 | 15291 | 1.18 |
Los Angeles | Las Virgenes Unified | 3 | 4 | 0 | 11374 | 0.62 |
Los Angeles | Lawndale Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6192 | 0.16 |
Los Angeles | Little Lake City Elementary | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4382 | 0.68 |
Los Angeles | Long Beach Unified | 7 | 47 | 3 | 77812 | 0.73 |
Los Angeles | Los Angeles County Office of Education | 2 | 9 | 0 | 7687 | 1.43 |
Los Angeles | Los Angeles Unified | 387 | 401 | 74 | 639337 | 1.35 |
Los Angeles | Lynwood Unified | 6 | 4 | 0 | 14830 | 0.67 |
Los Angeles | Manhattan Beach Unified | 1 | 2 | 0 | 6774 | 0.44 |
Los Angeles | Montebello Unified | 0 | 9 | 0 | 28323 | 0.32 |
Los Angeles | Newhall | 2 | 4 | 0 | 6650 | 0.90 |
Los Angeles | Norwalk-La Mirada Unified | 8 | 1 | 0 | 18704 | 0.48 |
Los Angeles | Palmdale Elementary | 2 | 12 | 0 | 22006 | 0.64 |
Los Angeles | Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11499 | 0.09 |
Los Angeles | Paramount Unified | 7 | 1 | 0 | 15547 | 0.51 |
Los Angeles | Pasadena Unified | 9 | 10 | 0 | 18492 | 1.03 |
Los Angeles | Pomona Unified | 11 | 0 | 0 | 24716 | 0.45 |
Los Angeles | Redondo Beach Unified | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9529 | 0.10 |
Los Angeles | Rowland Unified | 1 | 1 | 0 | 14603 | 0.14 |
Los Angeles | San Gabriel Unified | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6430 | 0.16 |
Los Angeles | Santa Monica-Malibu Unified | 0 | 2 | 1 | 11249 | 0.27 |
Los Angeles | South Pasadena Unified | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4733 | 0.42 |
Los Angeles | Sulphur Springs Union | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5383 | 0.56 |
Los Angeles | Temple City Unified | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5893 | 0.34 |
Los Angeles | Torrance Unified | 2 | 6 | 0 | 23885 | 0.33 |
Los Angeles | Walnut Valley Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 14468 | 0.07 |
Los Angeles | West Covina Unified | 5 | 0 | 0 | 13712 | 0.36 |
Los Angeles | Westside Union Elementary | 15 | 2 | 0 | 9070 | 1.87 |
Los Angeles | William S. Hart Union High | 6 | 7 | 0 | 27155 | 0.48 |
Madera | Bass Lake Joint Union Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 865 | 2.31 |
Madera | Chawanakee Unified | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1075 | 5.58 |
Madera | Chowchilla Elementary | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2168 | 2.31 |
Madera | Chowchilla Union High | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1087 | 0.92 |
Madera | Golden Valley Unified | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1880 | 1.06 |
Madera | Madera County Office of Education | 1 | 15 | 0 | 958 | 16.70 |
Madera | Madera Unified | 23 | 40 | 0 | 20530 | 3.07 |
Madera | Raymond-Knowles Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 90 | 11.11 |
Marin | Dixie Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1989 | 0.50 |
Marin | Marin County Office of Education | 1 | 2 | 0 | 257 | 11.67 |
Marin | Mill Valley Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3228 | 0.62 |
Marin | Novato Unified | 1 | 6 | 0 | 7973 | 0.88 |
Marin | Reed Union Elementary | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1540 | 1.95 |
Marin | Ross Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 385 | 2.60 |
Marin | Ross Valley Elementary | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2330 | 2.58 |
Marin | San Rafael City Elementary | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4749 | 1.26 |
Marin | San Rafael City High | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2420 | 0.41 |
Marin | Shoreline Unified | 0 | 2 | 0 | 513 | 3.90 |
Mariposa | Mariposa County Unified | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1871 | 1.07 |
Mendocino | Anderson Valley Unified | 2 | 3 | 0 | 522 | 9.58 |
Mendocino | Fort Bragg Unified | 1 | 9 | 0 | 1934 | 5.17 |
Mendocino | Laytonville Unified | 2 | 2 | 0 | 395 | 10.13 |
Mendocino | Mendocino County Office of Education | 0 | 2 | 0 | 93 | 21.51 |
Mendocino | Mendocino Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 543 | 1.84 |
Mendocino | Point Arena Joint Union High | 0 | 2 | 1 | 145 | 20.69 |
Mendocino | Potter Valley Community Unified | 0 | 3 | 0 | 276 | 10.87 |
Mendocino | Round Valley Unified | 1 | 2 | 0 | 427 | 7.03 |
Mendocino | Ukiah Unified | 7 | 22 | 1 | 6511 | 4.61 |
Mendocino | Willits Unified | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1870 | 2.67 |
Merced | Atwater Elementary | 6 | 6 | 0 | 4899 | 2.45 |
Merced | Ballico-Cressey Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 382 | 2.62 |
Merced | Delhi Unified | 2 | 8 | 0 | 2669 | 3.75 |
Merced | El Nido Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 153 | 6.54 |
Merced | Gustine Unified | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1888 | 2.65 |
Merced | Hilmar Unified | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2291 | 0.87 |
Merced | Le Grand Union High | 1 | 0 | 0 | 504 | 1.98 |
Merced | Livingston Union | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2558 | 0.78 |
Merced | Los Banos Unified | 8 | 32 | 0 | 10520 | 3.80 |
Merced | McSwain Union Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 822 | 2.43 |
Merced | Merced City Elementary | 3 | 36 | 0 | 10888 | 3.58 |
Merced | Merced County Office of Education | 19 | 11 | 0 | 1173 | 25.58 |
Merced | Merced Union High | 7 | 27 | 0 | 10203 | 3.33 |
Merced | Plainsburg Union Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 119 | 16.81 |
Merced | Planada Elementary | 1 | 4 | 0 | 800 | 6.25 |
Modoc | Modoc County Office of Education | 1 | 4 | 0 | 40 | 125.00 |
Modoc | Modoc Joint Unified | 0 | 2 | 0 | 832 | 2.40 |
Modoc | Surprise Valley Joint Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 137 | 7.30 |
Mono | Eastern Sierra Unified | 1 | 2 | 0 | 377 | 7.96 |
Mono | Mammoth Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1193 | 0.84 |
Monterey | Carmel Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2510 | 0.40 |
Monterey | Gonzales Unified | 7 | 15 | 1 | 2423 | 9.49 |
Monterey | Greenfield Union Elementary | 7 | 24 | 0 | 3510 | 8.83 |
Monterey | Mission Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 128 | 7.81 |
Monterey | Monterey County Office of Education | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1943 | 3.09 |
Monterey | Monterey Peninsula Unified | 7 | 9 | 0 | 10633 | 1.50 |
Monterey | North Monterey County Unified | 8 | 2 | 0 | 4555 | 2.20 |
Monterey | Salinas City Elementary | 7 | 23 | 1 | 9105 | 3.40 |
Monterey | Salinas Union High | 19 | 15 | 0 | 14691 | 2.31 |
Monterey | San Antonio Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 163 | 6.13 |
Monterey | San Ardo Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 103 | 9.71 |
Monterey | Santa Rita Union Elementary | 7 | 0 | 0 | 3425 | 2.04 |
Monterey | Soledad Unified | 8 | 31 | 0 | 4861 | 8.02 |
Monterey | South Monterey County Joint Union High | 3 | 4 | 0 | 2159 | 3.24 |
Monterey | Washington Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 888 | 1.13 |
Napa | Napa County Office of Education | 1 | 2 | 0 | 111 | 27.03 |
Napa | Napa Valley Unified | 12 | 15 | 3 | 18479 | 1.62 |
Nevada | Grass Valley Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1745 | 1.15 |
Nevada | Nevada County Office of Education | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3520 | 1.14 |
Nevada | Nevada Joint Union High | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2947 | 1.70 |
Nevada | Twin Ridges Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 105 | 9.52 |
Orange | Anaheim Union High | 5 | 2 | 0 | 31276 | 0.22 |
Orange | Brea-Olinda Unified | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5856 | 0.34 |
Orange | Capistrano Unified | 4 | 0 | 0 | 53878 | 0.07 |
Orange | Centralia Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4437 | 0.23 |
Orange | Fountain Valley Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6371 | 0.16 |
Orange | Fullerton Elementary | 1 | 3 | 0 | 13520 | 0.30 |
Orange | Fullerton Joint Union High | 1 | 1 | 0 | 14235 | 0.14 |
Orange | Garden Grove Unified | 0 | 18 | 0 | 45252 | 0.40 |
Orange | Huntington Beach Union High | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16048 | 0.06 |
Orange | Irvine Unified | 7 | 0 | 0 | 32319 | 0.22 |
Orange | La Habra City Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4913 | 0.20 |
Orange | Laguna Beach Unified | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3029 | 0.99 |
Orange | Newport-Mesa Unified | 0 | 10 | 0 | 21736 | 0.46 |
Orange | Ocean View | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11442 | 0.09 |
Orange | Orange County Department of Education | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5037 | 0.60 |
Orange | Orange Unified | 6 | 6 | 0 | 28899 | 0.42 |
Orange | Placentia-Yorba Linda Unified | 3 | 0 | 0 | 25826 | 0.12 |
Orange | Saddleback Valley Unified | 5 | 3 | 0 | 28706 | 0.28 |
Orange | Santa Ana Unified | 6 | 0 | 0 | 55909 | 0.11 |
Orange | Tustin Unified | 2 | 1 | 0 | 24079 | 0.12 |
Placer | Auburn Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2042 | 0.49 |
Placer | Colfax Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 327 | 3.06 |
Placer | Dry Creek Joint Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6694 | 0.30 |
Placer | Foresthill Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 399 | 2.51 |
Placer | Loomis Union Elementary | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4027 | 0.74 |
Placer | Newcastle Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2102 | 0.95 |
Placer | Placer County Office of Education | 0 | 1 | 0 | 673 | 1.49 |
Placer | Placer Hills Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 769 | 1.30 |
Placer | Placer Union High | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4104 | 0.24 |
Placer | Rocklin Unified | 1 | 3 | 0 | 12985 | 0.31 |
Placer | Roseville City Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10084 | 0.10 |
Placer | Roseville Joint Union High | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10200 | 0.10 |
Placer | Tahoe-Truckee Unified | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4010 | 1.00 |
Placer | Western Placer Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9092 | 0.11 |
Plumas | Plumas County Office of Education | 0 | 1 | 0 | 24 | 41.67 |
Plumas | Plumas Unified | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2172 | 1.84 |
Riverside | Alvord Unified | 3 | 2 | 0 | 19466 | 0.26 |
Riverside | Banning Unified | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4527 | 0.88 |
Riverside | Beaumont Unified | 0 | 3 | 0 | 9627 | 0.31 |
Riverside | Coachella Valley Unified | 18 | 7 | 0 | 18861 | 1.33 |
Riverside | Corona-Norco Unified | 1 | 26 | 0 | 53354 | 0.51 |
Riverside | Desert Sands Unified | 11 | 15 | 2 | 28719 | 0.97 |
Riverside | Hemet Unified | 8 | 29 | 0 | 21480 | 1.72 |
Riverside | Jurupa Unified | 7 | 2 | 0 | 19282 | 0.47 |
Riverside | Lake Elsinore Unified | 5 | 6 | 0 | 22205 | 0.50 |
Riverside | Menifee Union Elementary | 2 | 5 | 0 | 11226 | 0.62 |
Riverside | Moreno Valley Unified | 19 | 14 | 0 | 33942 | 0.97 |
Riverside | Murrieta Valley Unified | 4 | 22 | 1 | 22825 | 1.18 |
Riverside | Nuview Union | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2688 | 1.86 |
Riverside | Palm Springs Unified | 7 | 5 | 0 | 23348 | 0.51 |
Riverside | Palo Verde Unified | 3 | 5 | 5 | 3149 | 4.13 |
Riverside | Perris Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5882 | 0.17 |
Riverside | Perris Union High | 8 | 0 | 0 | 10744 | 0.74 |
Riverside | Riverside County Office of Education | 24 | 15 | 0 | 8368 | 4.66 |
Riverside | Riverside Unified | 7 | 4 | 0 | 42462 | 0.26 |
Riverside | San Jacinto Unified | 6 | 7 | 0 | 11054 | 1.18 |
Riverside | Temecula Valley Unified | 4 | 8 | 1 | 29996 | 0.43 |
Riverside | Val Verde Unified | 7 | 15 | 0 | 19862 | 1.11 |
Sacramento | Arcohe Union Elementary | 3 | 2 | 0 | 412 | 12.14 |
Sacramento | Elk Grove Unified | 12 | 42 | 0 | 62767 | 0.86 |
Sacramento | Elverta Joint Elementary | 2 | 0 | 0 | 328 | 6.10 |
Sacramento | Folsom-Cordova Unified | 3 | 1 | 0 | 19865 | 0.20 |
Sacramento | Galt Joint Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3651 | 0.27 |
Sacramento | Galt Joint Union High | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2234 | 1.79 |
Sacramento | Natomas Unified | 6 | 3 | 0 | 14298 | 0.63 |
Sacramento | Robla Elementary | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2170 | 0.92 |
Sacramento | Sacramento City Unified | 27 | 59 | 0 | 46843 | 1.84 |
Sacramento | Sacramento County Office of Education | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2039 | 2.45 |
Sacramento | San Juan Unified | 11 | 41 | 0 | 49564 | 1.05 |
Sacramento | Twin Rivers Unified | 9 | 17 | 0 | 31137 | 0.84 |
San Benito | Aromas/San Juan Unified | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1150 | 4.35 |
San Benito | Hollister | 7 | 10 | 0 | 5654 | 3.01 |
San Benito | Jefferson Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9492 | 0.11 |
San Benito | San Benito County Office of Education | 2 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 29.85 |
San Benito | San Benito High | 1 | 8 | 0 | 3010 | 2.99 |
San Benito | Southside Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 241 | 4.15 |
San Bernardino | Adelanto Elementary | 3 | 0 | 0 | 10970 | 0.27 |
San Bernardino | Alta Loma Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5906 | 0.17 |
San Bernardino | Apple Valley Unified | 8 | 16 | 0 | 14238 | 1.69 |
San Bernardino | Barstow Unified | 7 | 12 | 0 | 6024 | 3.15 |
San Bernardino | Bear Valley Unified | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2296 | 0.44 |
San Bernardino | Central Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4682 | 0.21 |
San Bernardino | Chaffey Joint Union High | 1 | 1 | 0 | 24361 | 0.08 |
San Bernardino | Chino Valley Unified | 4 | 2 | 0 | 29314 | 0.20 |
San Bernardino | Colton Joint Unified | 11 | 0 | 0 | 23288 | 0.47 |
San Bernardino | Etiwanda Elementary | 3 | 8 | 0 | 13866 | 0.79 |
San Bernardino | Fontana Unified | 10 | 2 | 1 | 38742 | 0.34 |
San Bernardino | Hesperia Unified | 28 | 23 | 1 | 23988 | 2.17 |
San Bernardino | Lucerne Valley Unified | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2346 | 1.28 |
San Bernardino | Morongo Unified | 3 | 13 | 0 | 10265 | 1.56 |
San Bernardino | Ontario-Montclair | 4 | 2 | 0 | 21952 | 0.27 |
San Bernardino | Oro Grande Elementary | 6 | 1 | 0 | 3711 | 1.89 |
San Bernardino | Redlands Unified | 2 | 0 | 0 | 21264 | 0.09 |
San Bernardino | Rialto Unified | 9 | 3 | 0 | 25994 | 0.46 |
San Bernardino | Rim of the World Unified | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3608 | 1.11 |
San Bernardino | San Bernardino City Unified | 36 | 15 | 0 | 53303 | 0.96 |
San Bernardino | San Bernardino County Office of Education | 3 | 5 | 1 | 2872 | 3.13 |
San Bernardino | Silver Valley Unified | 1 | 5 | 0 | 2104 | 2.85 |
San Bernardino | Snowline Joint Unified | 5 | 9 | 0 | 7798 | 1.80 |
San Bernardino | Trona Joint Unified | 1 | 1 | 0 | 255 | 7.84 |
San Bernardino | Upland Unified | 7 | 4 | 0 | 11138 | 0.99 |
San Bernardino | Victor Elementary | 15 | 15 | 0 | 12306 | 2.44 |
San Bernardino | Victor Valley Union High | 11 | 16 | 1 | 13812 | 2.03 |
San Bernardino | Yucaipa-Calimesa Joint Unified | 5 | 2 | 0 | 9889 | 0.71 |
San Diego | Alpine Union Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1707 | 1.17 |
San Diego | Bonsall Unified | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2959 | 0.34 |
San Diego | Borrego Springs Unified | 0 | 2 | 0 | 772 | 2.59 |
San Diego | Cardiff Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 730 | 2.74 |
San Diego | Chula Vista Elementary | 8 | 9 | 1 | 30230 | 0.60 |
San Diego | Escondido Union High | 2 | 0 | 0 | 19567 | 0.10 |
San Diego | Fallbrook Union Elementary | 0 | 4 | 0 | 5056 | 0.79 |
San Diego | Fallbrook Union High | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2312 | 1.30 |
San Diego | Grossmont Union High | 6 | 7 | 0 | 21860 | 0.59 |
San Diego | La Mesa-Spring Valley | 2 | 4 | 0 | 12197 | 0.49 |
San Diego | Lakeside Union Elementary | 0 | 5 | 0 | 6566 | 0.76 |
San Diego | Mountain Empire Unified | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2831 | 1.41 |
San Diego | National Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6050 | 0.17 |
San Diego | Oceanside Unified | 3 | 14 | 0 | 21024 | 0.81 |
San Diego | Poway Unified | 4 | 1 | 0 | 35771 | 0.14 |
San Diego | Ramona City Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5593 | 0.18 |
San Diego | San Diego County Office of Education | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3486 | 0.86 |
San Diego | San Diego Unified | 53 | 235 | 0 | 129380 | 2.23 |
San Diego | San Dieguito Union High | 1 | 0 | 0 | 12726 | 0.08 |
San Diego | San Marcos Unified | 4 | 17 | 0 | 20813 | 1.01 |
San Diego | San Ysidro Elementary | 4 | 5 | 0 | 4808 | 1.87 |
San Diego | South Bay Union | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2736 | 0.37 |
San Diego | Sweetwater Union High | 30 | 55 | 0 | 41050 | 2.07 |
San Diego | Valley Center-Pauma Unified | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4087 | 1.47 |
San Diego | Vista Unified | 3 | 3 | 0 | 25244 | 0.24 |
San Diego | Warner Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1145 | 0.87 |
San Francisco | San Francisco Unified | 61 | 217 | 16 | 58865 | 4.99 |
San Joaquin | Banta Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1202 | 0.83 |
San Joaquin | Escalon Unified | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2835 | 0.71 |
San Joaquin | Jefferson Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 9492 | 0.21 |
San Joaquin | Lincoln Unified | 22 | 18 | 0 | 9298 | 4.30 |
San Joaquin | Linden Unified | 4 | 3 | 0 | 2223 | 3.15 |
San Joaquin | Lodi Unified | 34 | 9 | 0 | 30395 | 1.41 |
San Joaquin | Manteca Unified | 24 | 22 | 2 | 23204 | 2.07 |
San Joaquin | New Jerusalem Elementary | 7 | 6 | 0 | 5015 | 2.59 |
San Joaquin | Ripon Unified | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3960 | 1.01 |
San Joaquin | San Joaquin County Office of Education | 14 | 27 | 1 | 3585 | 11.72 |
San Joaquin | Stockton Unified | 51 | 80 | 0 | 40324 | 3.25 |
San Joaquin | Tracy Joint Unified | 10 | 22 | 0 | 16702 | 1.92 |
San Luis Obispo | Atascadero Unified | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4701 | 0.64 |
San Luis Obispo | Lucia Mar Unified | 2 | 14 | 0 | 10704 | 1.49 |
San Luis Obispo | Paso Robles Joint Unified | 2 | 4 | 0 | 6714 | 0.89 |
San Luis Obispo | San Luis Coastal Unified | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7638 | 0.26 |
San Luis Obispo | San Luis Obispo County Office of Education | 0 | 4 | 0 | 477 | 8.39 |
San Mateo | Bayshore Elementary | 1 | 2 | 0 | 386 | 7.77 |
San Mateo | Burlingame Elementary | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3353 | 0.60 |
San Mateo | Jefferson Elementary | 3 | 3 | 0 | 7137 | 0.84 |
San Mateo | Jefferson Union High | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4926 | 2.03 |
San Mateo | La Honda-Pescadero Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 329 | 3.04 |
San Mateo | Las Lomitas Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1382 | 0.72 |
San Mateo | Menlo Park City Elementary | 1 | 7 | 0 | 2943 | 2.72 |
San Mateo | Millbrae Elementary | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2431 | 2.47 |
San Mateo | Pacifica | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3205 | 0.94 |
San Mateo | Ravenswood City Elementary | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4058 | 0.74 |
San Mateo | Redwood City Elementary | 4 | 23 | 1 | 9101 | 3.08 |
San Mateo | San Carlos Elementary | 2 | 4 | 0 | 3524 | 1.70 |
San Mateo | San Mateo County Office of Education | 1 | 4 | 0 | 308 | 16.23 |
San Mateo | San Mateo Union High | 4 | 3 | 0 | 8626 | 0.81 |
San Mateo | San Mateo-Foster City | 5 | 0 | 0 | 11977 | 0.42 |
San Mateo | Sequoia Union High | 4 | 5 | 0 | 9762 | 0.92 |
San Mateo | South San Francisco Unified | 8 | 10 | 1 | 8941 | 2.13 |
San Mateo | Woodside Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 409 | 4.89 |
Santa Barbara | Blochman Union Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1242 | 1.61 |
Santa Barbara | Buellton Union Elementary | 0 | 5 | 0 | 612 | 8.17 |
Santa Barbara | Carpinteria Unified | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2227 | 1.35 |
Santa Barbara | Hope Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1249 | 0.80 |
Santa Barbara | Lompoc Unified | 2 | 14 | 1 | 10215 | 1.66 |
Santa Barbara | Los Olivos Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 172 | 5.81 |
Santa Barbara | Orcutt Union Elementary | 2 | 5 | 0 | 5266 | 1.33 |
Santa Barbara | Santa Barbara County Office of Education | 0 | 6 | 0 | 276 | 21.74 |
Santa Barbara | Santa Barbara Unified | 1 | 10 | 0 | 15453 | 0.71 |
Santa Barbara | Santa Maria Joint Union High | 0 | 8 | 0 | 7900 | 1.01 |
Santa Barbara | Santa Maria-Bonita | 0 | 5 | 0 | 16584 | 0.30 |
Santa Barbara | Santa Ynez Valley Union High | 0 | 2 | 0 | 997 | 2.01 |
Santa Clara | Alum Rock Union Elementary | 17 | 16 | 0 | 12068 | 2.73 |
Santa Clara | Berryessa Union Elementary | 4 | 0 | 0 | 7452 | 0.54 |
Santa Clara | Campbell Union High | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7676 | 0.26 |
Santa Clara | Cupertino Union | 3 | 12 | 0 | 18948 | 0.79 |
Santa Clara | East Side Union High | 14 | 34 | 1 | 26684 | 1.84 |
Santa Clara | Evergreen Elementary | 1 | 2 | 0 | 12282 | 0.24 |
Santa Clara | Franklin-McKinley Elementary | 1 | 3 | 0 | 11114 | 0.36 |
Santa Clara | Fremont Union High | 9 | 1 | 0 | 10736 | 0.93 |
Santa Clara | Gilroy Unified | 8 | 14 | 0 | 11852 | 1.86 |
Santa Clara | Los Altos Elementary | 4 | 2 | 0 | 4638 | 1.29 |
Santa Clara | Milpitas Unified | 5 | 6 | 0 | 10291 | 1.07 |
Santa Clara | Morgan Hill Unified | 7 | 13 | 0 | 9135 | 2.19 |
Santa Clara | Mountain View Whisman | 2 | 5 | 0 | 5084 | 1.38 |
Santa Clara | Mountain View-Los Altos Union High | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4028 | 0.99 |
Santa Clara | Oak Grove Elementary | 5 | 4 | 0 | 10632 | 0.85 |
Santa Clara | Palo Alto Unified | 7 | 4 | 0 | 12485 | 0.88 |
Santa Clara | San Jose Unified | 18 | 36 | 0 | 32454 | 1.66 |
Santa Clara | Santa Clara County Office of Education | 9 | 19 | 0 | 10795 | 2.59 |
Santa Clara | Santa Clara Unified | 6 | 10 | 0 | 15388 | 1.04 |
Santa Clara | Sunnyvale | 5 | 3 | 0 | 6640 | 1.20 |
Santa Clara | Union Elementary | 4 | 4 | 0 | 5692 | 1.41 |
Santa Cruz | Live Oak Elementary | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2106 | 1.42 |
Santa Cruz | Pajaro Valley Unified | 14 | 16 | 0 | 20354 | 1.47 |
Santa Cruz | San Lorenzo Valley Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4644 | 0.22 |
Santa Cruz | Santa Cruz City Elementary | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2294 | 0.87 |
Santa Cruz | Santa Cruz City High | 3 | 5 | 0 | 4643 | 1.72 |
Santa Cruz | Santa Cruz County Office of Education | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1352 | 1.48 |
Santa Cruz | Scotts Valley Unified | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2545 | 1.18 |
Santa Cruz | Soquel Union Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1979 | 1.01 |
Shasta | Anderson Union High | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1844 | 1.08 |
Shasta | Bella Vista Elementary | 1 | 2 | 0 | 351 | 8.55 |
Shasta | Black Butte Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 201 | 4.98 |
Shasta | Cascade Union Elementary | 3 | 6 | 0 | 1103 | 8.16 |
Shasta | Castle Rock Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 58 | 17.24 |
Shasta | Columbia Elementary | 0 | 3 | 0 | 755 | 3.97 |
Shasta | Cottonwood Union Elementary | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1097 | 4.56 |
Shasta | Enterprise Elementary | 1 | 8 | 0 | 3678 | 2.45 |
Shasta | Fall River Joint Unified | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1184 | 2.53 |
Shasta | Gateway Unified | 0 | 5 | 0 | 3429 | 1.46 |
Shasta | Grant Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 614 | 1.63 |
Shasta | Happy Valley Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 501 | 2.00 |
Shasta | Junction Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 304 | 3.29 |
Shasta | North Cow Creek Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 238 | 8.40 |
Shasta | Oak Run Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 82 | 24.39 |
Shasta | Pacheco Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 598 | 1.67 |
Shasta | Redding Elementary | 0 | 6 | 0 | 3345 | 1.79 |
Shasta | Shasta County Office of Education | 1 | 2 | 0 | 641 | 4.68 |
Shasta | Shasta Union High | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5672 | 0.35 |
Sierra | Sierra-Plumas Joint Unified | 0 | 2 | 0 | 381 | 5.25 |
Siskiyou | Butte Valley Unified | 1 | 3 | 0 | 299 | 13.38 |
Siskiyou | Delphic Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 46 | 21.74 |
Siskiyou | Grenada Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 181 | 5.52 |
Siskiyou | Little Shasta Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 166.67 |
Siskiyou | Montague Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 191 | 5.24 |
Siskiyou | Scott Valley Unified | 1 | 1 | 0 | 647 | 3.09 |
Siskiyou | Siskiyou County Office of Education | 1 | 3 | 0 | 504 | 7.94 |
Siskiyou | Siskiyou Union High | 1 | 2 | 0 | 599 | 5.01 |
Siskiyou | Weed Union Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 241 | 8.30 |
Siskiyou | Yreka Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 962 | 1.04 |
Siskiyou | Yreka Union High | 1 | 0 | 1 | 645 | 3.10 |
Solano | Benicia Unified | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4947 | 0.61 |
Solano | Dixon Unified | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3746 | 1.33 |
Solano | Fairfield-Suisun Unified | 12 | 44 | 2 | 21554 | 2.69 |
Solano | Solano County Office of Education | 1 | 11 | 0 | 488 | 24.59 |
Solano | Travis Unified | 3 | 3 | 0 | 5395 | 1.11 |
Solano | Vacaville Unified | 4 | 12 | 0 | 12841 | 1.25 |
Solano | Vallejo City Unified | 12 | 30 | 5 | 14736 | 3.19 |
Sonoma | Bennett Valley Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1035 | 0.97 |
Sonoma | Cloverdale Unified | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1396 | 4.30 |
Sonoma | Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified | 7 | 3 | 0 | 6372 | 1.57 |
Sonoma | Healdsburg Unified | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1674 | 1.19 |
Sonoma | Liberty Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1339 | 0.75 |
Sonoma | Petaluma City Elementary | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2452 | 1.22 |
Sonoma | Petaluma Joint Union High | 3 | 0 | 0 | 5337 | 0.56 |
Sonoma | Piner-Olivet Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1415 | 0.71 |
Sonoma | Santa Rosa Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5422 | 0.18 |
Sonoma | Santa Rosa High | 6 | 9 | 0 | 11295 | 1.33 |
Sonoma | Sonoma County Office of Education | 2 | 4 | 0 | 615 | 9.76 |
Sonoma | Sonoma Valley Unified | 4 | 8 | 0 | 4610 | 2.60 |
Sonoma | West Sonoma County Union High | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2015 | 0.50 |
Sonoma | Windsor Unified | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5349 | 0.56 |
Stanislaus | Ceres Unified | 9 | 14 | 0 | 14269 | 1.61 |
Stanislaus | Denair Unified | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1276 | 3.92 |
Stanislaus | Empire Union Elementary | 3 | 5 | 0 | 3049 | 2.62 |
Stanislaus | Hart-Ransom Union Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1142 | 1.75 |
Stanislaus | Modesto City Elementary | 3 | 12 | 0 | 15272 | 0.98 |
Stanislaus | Modesto City High | 2 | 12 | 0 | 15100 | 0.93 |
Stanislaus | Newman-Crows Landing Unified | 3 | 8 | 0 | 2940 | 3.74 |
Stanislaus | Oakdale Joint Unified | 2 | 7 | 0 | 5300 | 1.70 |
Stanislaus | Patterson Joint Unified | 11 | 6 | 0 | 6031 | 2.82 |
Stanislaus | Riverbank Unified | 5 | 8 | 0 | 2854 | 4.56 |
Stanislaus | Salida Union Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2502 | 0.80 |
Stanislaus | Stanislaus County Office of Education | 6 | 10 | 0 | 2332 | 6.86 |
Stanislaus | Stanislaus Union Elementary | 4 | 3 | 0 | 3405 | 2.06 |
Stanislaus | Sylvan Union Elementary | 10 | 6 | 0 | 8484 | 1.89 |
Stanislaus | Turlock Unified | 6 | 8 | 0 | 14091 | 0.99 |
Stanislaus | Valley Home Joint Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 147 | 6.80 |
Stanislaus | Waterford Unified | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3877 | 1.03 |
Sutter | Live Oak Unified | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1810 | 1.10 |
Sutter | Meridian Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1032 | 0.97 |
Sutter | Sutter County Office of Education | 1 | 4 | 0 | 435 | 11.49 |
Sutter | Winship-Robbins | 0 | 2 | 0 | 173 | 11.56 |
Sutter | Yuba City Unified | 6 | 7 | 0 | 13374 | 0.97 |
Tehama | Antelope Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 758 | 2.64 |
Tehama | Corning Union Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2074 | 0.96 |
Tehama | Corning Union High | 1 | 2 | 0 | 924 | 3.25 |
Tehama | Gerber Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 415 | 2.41 |
Tehama | Los Molinos Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 574 | 1.74 |
Tehama | Red Bluff Union Elementary | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2178 | 2.30 |
Trinity | Mountain Valley Unified | 1 | 0 | 0 | 275 | 3.64 |
Trinity | Trinity Alps Unified | 1 | 1 | 0 | 676 | 2.96 |
Tulare | Allensworth Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 11.63 |
Tulare | Alpaugh Unified | 2 | 4 | 0 | 740 | 8.11 |
Tulare | Alta Vista Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 572 | 3.50 |
Tulare | Burton Elementary | 16 | 23 | 2 | 4470 | 9.17 |
Tulare | Columbine Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 196 | 5.10 |
Tulare | Cutler-Orosi Joint Unified | 7 | 14 | 0 | 4095 | 5.13 |
Tulare | Dinuba Unified | 6 | 20 | 3 | 6638 | 4.37 |
Tulare | Ducor Union Elementary | 0 | 3 | 0 | 158 | 18.99 |
Tulare | Earlimart Elementary | 1 | 9 | 1 | 1961 | 5.61 |
Tulare | Exeter Unified | 4 | 10 | 0 | 2886 | 4.85 |
Tulare | Farmersville Unified | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2580 | 0.78 |
Tulare | Hope Elementary | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1249 | 2.40 |
Tulare | Liberty Elementary | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1339 | 4.48 |
Tulare | Lindsay Unified | 9 | 7 | 1 | 4237 | 4.01 |
Tulare | Monson-Sultana Joint Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 451 | 2.22 |
Tulare | Oak Valley Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 558 | 1.79 |
Tulare | Palo Verde Union Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 536 | 3.73 |
Tulare | Pixley Union Elementary | 2 | 8 | 0 | 1109 | 9.02 |
Tulare | Pleasant View Elementary | 2 | 8 | 0 | 486 | 20.58 |
Tulare | Porterville Unified | 20 | 32 | 1 | 14109 | 3.76 |
Tulare | Richgrove Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 651 | 3.07 |
Tulare | Rockford Elementary | 1 | 8 | 0 | 370 | 24.32 |
Tulare | Sequoia Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 310 | 3.23 |
Tulare | Stone Corral Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 664 | 3.01 |
Tulare | Strathmore Union Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 841 | 1.19 |
Tulare | Sundale Union Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 812 | 2.46 |
Tulare | Sunnyside Union Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 348 | 5.75 |
Tulare | Terra Bella Union Elementary | 1 | 1 | 0 | 923 | 2.17 |
Tulare | Three Rivers Union Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 143 | 6.99 |
Tulare | Tulare County Office of Education | 9 | 8 | 1 | 2652 | 6.79 |
Tulare | Tulare Joint Union High | 5 | 2 | 0 | 5358 | 1.31 |
Tulare | Visalia Unified | 41 | 67 | 5 | 28546 | 3.96 |
Tulare | Waukena Joint Union Elementary | 0 | 2 | 0 | 239 | 8.37 |
Tulare | Woodlake Unified | 6 | 11 | 1 | 2772 | 6.49 |
Tuolumne | Big Oak Flat-Groveland Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 305 | 3.28 |
Tuolumne | Curtis Creek Elementary | 2 | 1 | 0 | 462 | 6.49 |
Tuolumne | Jamestown Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 442 | 2.26 |
Tuolumne | Sonora Union High | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1036 | 1.93 |
Tuolumne | Soulsbyville Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 501 | 2.00 |
Tuolumne | Summerville Elementary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 403 | 2.48 |
Ventura | Briggs Elementary | 0 | 1 | 0 | 575 | 1.74 |
Ventura | Conejo Valley Unified | 1 | 5 | 1 | 19365 | 0.36 |
Ventura | Fillmore Unified | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3757 | 0.27 |
Ventura | Hueneme Elementary | 2 | 1 | 0 | 8458 | 0.35 |
Ventura | Moorpark Unified | 1 | 3 | 0 | 6599 | 0.61 |
Ventura | Oak Park Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4638 | 0.22 |
Ventura | Ojai Unified | 1 | 7 | 1 | 2639 | 3.41 |
Ventura | Oxnard Union High | 3 | 18 | 1 | 17271 | 1.27 |
Ventura | Rio Elementary | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5026 | 0.60 |
Ventura | Santa Paula Unified | 4 | 3 | 0 | 5557 | 1.26 |
Ventura | Simi Valley Unified | 1 | 5 | 0 | 17223 | 0.35 |
Ventura | Ventura County Office of Education | 5 | 4 | 0 | 3100 | 2.90 |
Ventura | Ventura Unified | 5 | 10 | 0 | 17125 | 0.88 |
Yolo | Davis Joint Unified | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8562 | 0.58 |
Yolo | Esparto Unified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 971 | 1.03 |
Yolo | Washington Unified | 2 | 4 | 0 | 11012 | 0.54 |
Yolo | Winters Joint Unified | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1525 | 0.66 |
Yolo | Woodland Joint Unified | 5 | 15 | 0 | 10137 | 1.97 |
Yolo | Yolo County Office of Education | 3 | 6 | 0 | 519 | 17.34 |
Yuba | Marysville Joint Unified | 2 | 5 | 0 | 9804 | 0.71 |
Yuba | Wheatland Union High | 1 | 0 | 0 | 710 | 1.41 |
Yuba | Yuba County Office of Education | 5 | 7 | 0 | 595 | 20.17 |
Yuba | Yuba County Office of Education | 5 | 7 | 0 | 595 | 20.17 |
Source: California Commission on Teacher Credentialing / EdSource
Part-time instructors, many who work for decades off the tenure track and at a lower pay rate, have been called “apprentices to nowhere.”
A bill to mandate use of the method will not advance in the Legislature this year in the face of teachers union opposition.
Nearly a third of the 930 districts statewide that reported data had a higher rate of chronic absenteeism in 2022-23 than the year before.
The move puts the fate of AB 2222 in question, but supporters insist that there is room to negotiate changes that can help tackle the state’s literacy crisis.
Comments (8)
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Mark Talmont 7 years ago7 years ago
Good details here but it misses the elephant in the room: what is so holy about the current credentialing procedure? Why should it take another year's worth of classroom instruction for somebody who already has a degree? What is it they are supposed to be picking up? The districts turn thousands of subs loose every year with almost no prep, and the world has not come to an end. Credentialing classes could be done almost entirely … Read More
Good details here but it misses the elephant in the room: what is so holy about the current credentialing procedure?
Why should it take another year’s worth of classroom instruction for somebody who already has a degree? What is it they are supposed to be picking up? The districts turn thousands of subs loose every year with almost no prep, and the world has not come to an end.
Credentialing classes could be done almost entirely online. Too bad the CSU and the UC are both dragging their feet on providing any kind of online access.
Here I’ll solve it for you: Dump the current regime and replace it with credentialing done by the local staffs at the school sites. The current teachers and administrators make the decisions. Everybody starts out working as a teacher’s aide and learns entirely on the job. This could easily be supplemented with online delivery if there is some area where that’s appropriate. There are people with BAs/BSs who could start teaching full-time after a brief period of this kind of prep (BTW teacher’s aides should be seen as key as they are the highest value-added thing in the system especially at the lower grades). This is especially true of potential 2nd-career folks who often have an astonishing wealth of experience to offer: but then they are likely to be older than the current political regime demands. Oh, darn.
This is what you could do if you wanted to solve the problem. Or at least give the most impacted districts an option.
Henry ortiz 7 years ago7 years ago
I'm a 26 year veteran teacher at Golden Plains. When I started there in 1991, we had the second highest salary schedule in Fresno County. The teachers in our district stayed there until they retired. Over the years our district administration and board has allowed our salaries to fall behind other neighboring districts. We are currently working with our board and administration to alleviate the issues in … Read More
I’m a 26 year veteran teacher at Golden Plains. When I started there in 1991, we had the second highest salary schedule in Fresno County. The teachers in our district stayed there until they retired. Over the years our district administration and board has allowed our salaries to fall behind other neighboring districts. We are currently working with our board and administration to alleviate the issues in our rural district. Great article.
P Lopez 7 years ago7 years ago
Your article resonated with me in many ways. I was an administrator. I had a country school for 3 years but I did not have the teacher turnover you describe here. Our teachers loved the school year after year. Here, you describe systematic issues that cannot be resolved over night. I wonder what the community and parents feel/think about this topic and how it affects their children and school culture?
Mark 7 years ago7 years ago
From a Report: April 2002 EdSource: Clarifying Complex Education Issues – Little Hoover Commission in a legislative report based on research review and testimony from “Teacher Workforce” hearings.
It is simple: Wages are an important, if not the most important, factor in competing in any labor market.
el 7 years ago7 years ago
Compounding this is that there are different flavors of rural that have different challenges. The Central Valley has schools that are sparse but maybe not necessarily as remote as some communities in the Sierras or Coast ranges. A small community within commuting distance of a large one is at a substantial advantage compared to one that is not. It a world of two-income families, the problem of the spouse's job is one of the … Read More
Compounding this is that there are different flavors of rural that have different challenges. The Central Valley has schools that are sparse but maybe not necessarily as remote as some communities in the Sierras or Coast ranges. A small community within commuting distance of a large one is at a substantial advantage compared to one that is not. It a world of two-income families, the problem of the spouse’s job is one of the larger obstacles for rural recruiting, and even raising salaries by $10,000 to $20,000 – if the budget allowed – would not make up for that.
Smaller schools do have some great opportunities, where teachers may find more independence and more opportunities to connect to students and community. They may be running with smaller class sizes also. If housing is affordable and circumstances fit, they can be great places to work. Some districts have found it helps to have some housing available for new staff. Districts with many young teachers may have success by bringing in strong outside mentors – retired teachers or people from a county office of education – to help train and support new teachers.
Money certainly helps. Some of these districts are in places where housing is affordable, but many are not, surrounded by mostly large land parcels that are too expensive for a teacher to buy. The budgeting adventures in a small rural district are different, when 10 students is 5% of your enrollment and a single employer moving out (or in) can cause a dramatic change in your population. Transportation costs are larger. We’re systematically underfunding the basic grant for all schools and rural schools feel that just as urban and suburban ones do.
A primary source of any teacher shortage is the lack of stability, when we force districts to slash then hire, slash then hire. That’s not functional.
Budgets are going to be extremely stressed in the coming years with the minimum wage hike and the additional contributions to CalPERS and CalSTRS. I am all for paying classified workers more and for fully funding those pension plans, but the bottom line is that districts are going to see the cost of classified workers double from 5 years ago to 5 years from now and there is no additional funding to cover that cost that came with the Legislature’s vote to raise the minimum wage.
I salute these districts for working creatively to attract staff that care about their students and schools and to support them in any way they can. Rural kids depend on their schools to bring the world to them more than most, and the work these teachers and principals do is critical to our future. It can be a terrific place to live and work.
Roger Grotewold 7 years ago7 years ago
This is an amazing story that touches my heart. This is exactly how I began my teaching career with a provisional credential in Madera County. I taught 5th grade at Ripperdan Elementary School seven miles from Madera and fifteen miles from Fresno. I taught at Ripperdan for four years and attended Fresno State College in the summer and took night classes throughout the school year. I would have to say that these … Read More
This is an amazing story that touches my heart. This is exactly how I began my teaching career with a provisional credential in Madera County. I taught 5th grade at Ripperdan Elementary School seven miles from Madera and fifteen miles from Fresno. I taught at Ripperdan for four years and attended Fresno State College in the summer and took night classes throughout the school year.
I would have to say that these were perhaps my happiest teaching years of my 38 years as an educator. I still have some very close friends that were in my classes during that time. Andrea, Jennifer, George, Arnold, Freddie, Ken, Grace and Kenneth are forever embedded in my heart and mind. They have all gone on to become successful and happy adults. Though this article seems to indicate the less than positive parts of teaching in this situation, there are many unique teaching and learning occasions afforded to a young teacher. In looking back on my career, these times stand out as the foundation for my teaching career. The cooperation, friendship and working together feeling among the staff and students was such a positive and unique experience.
CarolineSF 7 years ago7 years ago
Pay teachers more — substantially more — and treat them — and their unions — with respect, and stop making their jobs more difficult. Problem solved! EdSource participates in some of the beatings, so you can make a difference!
Raoul 7 years ago7 years ago
So why not raise the starting salary at Golden Plains from $40,000 to something like the starting salary at not-to-far Porterville Unified where new teachers start at $52,400 per Edjoin? I assume Golden Plains gets significant funding overrides based on its student population.