California’s top two education officials on Monday spelled out their complaints with proposed federal regulations that they said would conflict with and undermine the state’s new plan to help schools improve and hold them accountable for student achievement.
In a 10-page letter, State Board of Education President Michael Kirst and State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Torlakson stated that the draft rules for the new federal education act, unless changed, “will derail the significant progress being made in our state towards creating a single, aligned system” that would meet both federal and state requirements. Without more flexibility than the rules allow, the state won’t be able to effectively shift from a school improvement system defined by standardized tests results to one that evaluates a broad range of factors, like school climate, that affect student achievement, they said.
The letter was one of a flurry of comments on the final day of a 60-day comment period for the federal regulations proposed under the new Every Student Succeeds Act. Although Kirst and Torklanson said they were writing on behalf of the state’s 6.2 million students, 14 California education advocacy groups also submitted a letter Monday that supported some of the provisions that Kirst and Torlakson criticized. They also blamed the state, not the new federal law or regulations, for not yet developing a unified accountability system.
“Whether inaction on these issues is because the state does not have the will or lacks the technical capacity to address them,” strong regulations are needed to ensure state compliance with the new federal law, the letter said. EdVoice, Children Now, the California Charter Schools Association, United Way of Greater Los Angeles and Education Trust-West are among those who signed the letter.
Congressional passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act in December 2015 reflected a bipartisan agreement to move federal education policy from a prescriptive, Washington-directed approach to low-performing schools toward one that hands more authority to the states. But long-simmering tensions have surfaced with the proposed implementing regulations that the Department of Education, under Secretary John King, has written.
Civil rights organizations and congressional Democrats backing stronger federal oversight for schools failing low-income students and English learners generally back the draft regulations. California, which is shifting more power and authority over funding to local districts, is finding itself allied on key implementation issues with Republican senators demanding a lighter federal hand.
A prime concern of Kirst and Torlakson pertains to how states will “meaningfully differentiate” how schools, districts and student subgroups are performing annually and how they will select the 5 percent of low-achieving schools that must receive comprehensive assistance.
The state board wants to emphasize a school’s performance on each indicator of achievement – including suspension rates, test scores, high school graduation rates, and English learners’ progress in learning English. The federal regulations require combining the indicators’ results to create a single school or district ranking. But Kirst and Torlakson write that a summative rating “glosses over” results on very different measures and “would severely undercut the value of the multiple measures approach.” An alternative approach, they suggest, would be to choose the lowest-performing schools on an individual indicator or a combination of indicators – but not an average for all of them.
In their letter, the California advocacy groups criticize the state board’s lack of a “meaningful alternative” that provides transparency for parents and recommend leaving the regulation intact.
Kirst and Torlakson list their other areas of disagreement:
- The state board is proposing to add performance indicators that ESSA doesn’t require, including a measurement of students’ preparation for college and careers. The federal regulations would minimize their role in designating low-performing schools. Kirst and Torlakson want the state to be able to give the additional metrics more weight. A data analysis released this week by the research nonprofit Policy Analysis for California Education makes the same recommendation.
- The federal regulations would define academic achievement as the percentage of students who reach proficiency on standardized tests. Kirst and Torlakson said that’s too restrictive and fails to credit students who make progress short of proficiency. Several dozen academics, led by Morgan Polikoff, an associate professor at USC’s Rossier School of Education, took the same view in a letter to King.
- Kirst and Torlakson write that applying accountability measures uniformly to all schools would create problems for the state’s alternative schools serving at-risk students in drop-out recovery programs, juvenile halls and continuation schools. Those students are less likely to graduate in four years and often attend the programs for short periods. The state is proposing a different methodology for evaluating those schools.
- ESSA would take effect in the 2017-18 school year. Kirst and Torlakson joined the National Governors Association and Council of Chief State School Officers in calling for a year’s delay so that states can better vet the performance standards they will set. The current start date “is unfair to states,” the letter said.
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