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Don Shalvey, who created California’s first charter school in 1994 and, as an organizer, strategist and mentor, had an outsize influence on the charter movement’s growth over a quarter-century, has died.
Shalvey succumbed Saturday to glioblastoma, a form of brain cancer that was diagnosed a year ago. He was 79 and living on the family ranch in Linden, a small town near Stockton, where for the last seven years he was CEO of San Joaquin A+, a nonprofit that underwrites charter and district early college pathways for career opportunities. He was also a longtime member of EdSource’s board of directors, returning to the board for a second time in 2021.
“Don was a towering figure in public education with a direct influence on the opportunity of people in under-resourced communities to get a first-class education. He did it regardless of criticism or compliments because it was the right thing,” said John Deasy, former Los Angeles Unified superintendent and close friend for four decades.
In 1999, Shalvey founded the first multischool charter organization in California, and was its CEO for a decade: Oakland-based Aspire Public Schools is now the state’s largest charter operator, with 36 schools serving 15,000 students, the equivalent of a midsize school district.
“He was fearless,” said Steve Barr, a political activist who started Green Dot Public Schools, the first charter school network in Los Angeles, after Shalvey emboldened and then tutored him in starting a school.
Shalvey was instrumental in passing two state laws that enabled charter schools to expand. The first, in 1998, lifted the statewide cap of 100 charter schools. Two years later, Proposition 39 entitled charter schools, as tax-supported public schools, to equivalent space in district school facilities.
In a shrewd compromise that led to the support of the California Teachers Association, Proposition 39 also lowered the supermajority needed to pass a local school facilities bond from 66% to 55%.
Shalvey set high expectations and inspired a shared vision of what charter schools could become in high-poverty neighborhoods. Known for his variety of saddle shoes — a throwback to growing up in the ‘50s in his beloved Philadelphia — he had an encyclopedic memory of popular music and used karaoke and name-that-tune to build camaraderie at staff meetings or break the ice at conferences. Those who knew him say he was affable, persistently cheerful and unpretentious.
Knowing he was ill, colleagues and admirers shared remembrances over the past year through LinkedIn, chat groups and videos; others conveyed their thanks in person.
“Everybody wanted to make sure that he really understood how deeply grateful we are for his impact on our lives and the lives of students,” said Caprice Young, a former Los Angeles Unified board member whom Shalvey persuaded in 2003 to lead the newly formed California Charter Schools Association. She visited him earlier this month.
Deasy said that less celebrated was Shalvey’s mentoring of thousands of people: “It was his true legacy, and Don took it seriously.”
Lucky charter school leaders got his cell number, knowing that from 4 to 6 p.m., he was captive to the commute from Aspire offices in Oakland to Linden. “We always knew we could ask him for advice. If you had a question about something you couldn’t figure out, he’d be there,” Young said.
Heather Kirkpatrick, a former teacher whom Shalvey hired in 2001 to plan Aspire’s first high school, said, “Just as he has for so many people, he changed my life trajectory. There was a big feeling early at Aspire that you were along for the ride of your life,” she said.
When she suggested that teacher residencies might help retain teachers versed in Aspire’s teaching practices and culture, Shalvey encouraged her to start a five-year pilot program. It became a model for the state.
Mala Batra, the current CEO at Aspire, said conversations with Shalvey profoundly affected her, too. “There isn’t a day that goes by that you are not present in our work at Aspire,” she wrote on a tribute page for him. “A ritual you created, wisdom you shared, a practice you ingrained, a mark you left, a question you posed, a song you liked, a ‘Why can’t we do it like Don?’”
Carrie Douglass, an early Aspire employee, recalled that Shalvey called all Aspire employees on their birthday — sometimes four and five calls a day as Aspire added school sites. “Many employees said that annual phone call got them through another year,” she wrote on a LinkedIn post.
Shalvey was equally committed to offering guidance and support in his volunteer efforts, including as a longtime member of EdSource’s board of directors.
“Don made an indelible mark on how I go about my work and how to prioritize kindness while also being passionately determined,” said Anne Vasquez, CEO of EdSource, who credits Shalvey for highlighting the need for trustworthy journalism in the rapidly growing Central Valley. “Three years ago, EdSource had zero staff based in the Central Valley. Today, we have three, including our K-12 editor.”
Shalvey grew up an only child in Philadelphia and attended a 5,000, all-boy Catholic high school in Philadelphia and summers in the Poconos at Camp Wyomissing, first as a camper then as a counselor. It was there, he recalled, where he learned to lead. “Dad wanted me to be an engineer, and I chose not to go to MIT,” he said. “I wanted to be a teacher.”
After graduating from La Salle College in Philadelphia, he got a job offer as a middle school math teacher in Merced in 1967. His cousins, who lived in San Francisco, said, “Sure, come stay with us, we’re right near Merced.” They were confusing Lake Merced in San Francisco for the Central Valley city 165 miles away. But Shalvey grew enamored of the Central Valley, and it became his home base for the next six decades.
After teaching for a dozen years and serving as a principal, then an assistant superintendent in Lodi Unified, he became the superintendent of the San Carlos Elementary School District, south of San Francisco. Convinced that the state education code and inertia discouraged innovation, he established the San Carlos Charter Learning Center. He had the support of his school board and teachers, who shared his view that the charter school would serve as “purposeful test kitchens” for innovative practices in technology and multi-age instruction. It’s now the nation’s oldest operating charter school.
“Our work was about innovating and committing to learning and sharing what we learned with teachers,” Shalvey wrote in an EdSource commentary in 2017.
The Legislature capped the number of charter schools when it passed the state’s charter school law in 1992. The ceiling might have remained intact, even though the maximum number was reached, had Shalvey not met Reed Hastings and Barr on Sept. 17, 1997.
In the area to take daughter Chelsea to Stanford University, President Bill Clinton chose the San Carlos charter school to sign a bill creating a new grant program for charter schools. Barr was doing work for the event, and Hastings, in between selling a high-tech startup and starting Netflix, had extra time and was interested in charter school expansion. The two had lunch soon thereafter. They agreed on a plan for a statewide initiative to raise the charter school cap to 100 per year and gathered enough signatures to put it on the ballot. Rather than spend money fighting it, CTA agreed to legislation that included requiring credentialing requirements for charter school teachers. It also contained a provision that Hastings conceived permitting a nonprofit board of directors to oversee multiple charter schools.
That authority would reshape charter schools. Aspire became California’s first charter management organization. After the first schools opened in Stockton in 1999 and then Modesto, Aspire quickly expanded to Oakland and the Bay Area, and Los Angeles; within a decade it had 21 schools.
In an interview last year, Hastings said Shalvey risked his reputation in leading the effort to expand the number of charter schools, knowing it would be very hard to get another job as a superintendent.
Other not-for-profit charter management organizations, known as CMOs, followed, among them San Francisco-based KIPP, Green Dot and Alliance for College Ready Public Schools in Los Angeles, Summit high schools and Rocketship elementary schools. All targeted underperforming children of low-income Black and Latino families in urban areas.
“Don was the right leader at the right moment when leaders in Silicon Valley were looking for an alternative, and charters became the idea that you could do something differently with public education, especially for the highest-need kids,” said James Willcox, who succeeded Shalvey as Aspire’s CEO in 2009 after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation recruited Shalvey to become deputy director of K-12 education.
Wealthy donors like Hastings, Eli Broad in Los Angeles, the Gates Foundation and the Walton Family Foundation fueled the expansion of Aspire and other charter organizations by funding startup and scaling-up expenses until the schools could operate independently on state funding. Charter school growth paralleled the boom in public school enrollment in California in the early 2000s before peaking at 6.3 million in 2004-05; many district schools were already overcrowded. Then, as state enrollment declined gradually over the next 15 years, charter school enrollment increased steadily.
Shalvey would tell colleagues at Aspire that their mission was to “make a dent in the universe, one scholar at a time.”
With the motto “College for Certain,” Aspire challenged the mindset of low expectations and replaced it with the belief that everyone would go to college.
“We decided that underserved kids really had to be part of a full, focused play that college was for certain for you. That’s visual, that’s cultural, that’s a series of activities,” Shalvey said. “We said everything we did had to ensure that kids were getting in, staying in and getting supported.”
Shalvey built a college-going culture — a novel idea in immigrant neighborhoods where most students would be the first to go to college. Each classroom had a different college banner, an idea he drew from cabins at Camp Wyomissing. Students would learn about the college, and current students or graduates would write to them about their experiences. All students had to be admitted to at least one college; in an onstage ritual, all students would exchange a letter of acceptance for an Aspire diploma at graduation.
In 2010, the international consulting firm McKinsey & Co. named Aspire to its list of 20 of the world’s most improved school systems. Only three U.S. systems, including Long Beach Unified, received that honor.
A 2023 analysis by the Center for Research on Education Outcomes at Stanford University found that Aspire was one of 22 charter organizations that significantly outperformed demographically similar students in traditional public schools in state reading and math tests.
“We never thought we had it all figured out; we were always growing and learning,” Aspire CEO Willcox said.
Aspire has said that a larger percentage of its students goes on to graduate from college with either an associate or bachelor’s degree than students with similar demographics. But the figure from all graduating classes, through 2019, was only 30.5% within four years and 35.5% in six years, according to data from Aspire.
Last year, after surveying parents, teachers and students, Aspire changed its motto to better reflect its broader mission to prepare students to “pursue and persist in college or any post-secondary pathway” of their choice. Instead of “College for Certain,” it is now “Empowering Minds. Transforming Futures.”
Shalvey’s thinking evolved, too. With 70% of Central Valley high school graduates staying in the area, San Joaquin A+ focuses on developing an Early College High School model, which enables students to receive college credit while in high school and “earn as they learn” so that by age 26, “they are doing what they love and earning what they need,” Shalvey said.
With 1 out of 9 students in California now attending a charter school, districts often have tense relations with the charter schools that they authorize or approve over their objections. Antagonisms, especially with charter management organizations, have become more cutthroat in an era of declining student enrollments, as both districts and charter schools battle to fill classrooms.
Shalvey acknowledged in an interview last year that the conflicts date back to the revised charter school law that lifted the charter cap; it included collaboration and competition among charter schools’ purposes.
“That’s the dilemma,” he said. “In the beginning, you had to do the common thing uncommonly well. So that set it up that we were competing because my school’s scores are better than your school’s scores. And that was just wrong.”
During his 11 years at the Gates Foundation, where he was involved in initiatives to adopt the Common Core standards and incentivize reform in teacher evaluations, which met resistance in California, Shalvey also seeded collaborations between districts and charter schools. There were partnerships in Denver, Hartford, Connecticut., and a three-way collaboration between the Spring Branch district, KIPP-Houston, and YES Prep in Texas to share course offerings and post-graduate strategies.
It wasn’t easy to bridge the mistrust in California. He cited Summit Learning, which opened its learning platform to all districts nationwide, and KIPP, which trained hundreds of school counselors and its own team in a college-completion initiative.
“When you get together with other charters and other school systems, you learn from one another. And it grows,” Shalvey said last year. “We weren’t trying to be the only ones trying to figure this out. There are no secrets in public education. You want everyone to get it.”
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David Krevor 2 weeks ago2 weeks ago
I want to share some thoughts for Don Shalvey, who passed away last month. He was a Charter School pioneer and educator extraordinaire. Don was the initial inspiration and motivating force for Charter School #001 in California: the San Carlos Charter Learning Center (SCCLC). Don had many talents. He inspired. He had a gift to recognize and gather talent; then nurture and enable it; not control it. He set us in … Read More
I want to share some thoughts for Don Shalvey, who passed away last month. He was a Charter School pioneer and educator extraordinaire. Don was the initial inspiration and motivating force for Charter School #001 in California: the San Carlos Charter Learning Center (SCCLC).
Don had many talents. He inspired. He had a gift to recognize and gather talent; then nurture and enable it; not control it. He set us in motion.
The vision for SC’s Charter was unique. And that was totally Don’s doing. Most early charter schools were launched as a result of dissatisfaction or adversity. A community group would advocate that the function of their local schools was so poor that a charter alternative was essential.
That wasn’t San Carlos. We liked our schools. And Don led those schools well, as superintendent. But for Don, it wasn’t good enough to do the best job possible, for the most students possible. He embodied “no child left behind.” Don wanted to do everything possible to reach every student.
Don envisioned the SCCLC not as an adversary to the SC School District, but as an augmentation, an enhancement. By being a different environment, by taking advantage of the freedoms in the charter legislation (e.g., modified curriculum frameworks; alternative educator credentialing), there could be a different teaching perspective that could resonate with students who were struggling in the traditional schools. He wanted San Carlos to offer as many learning opportunities as possible.
Much of that vision came from contemporaneous advances in pedagogy. It was in the 1980s, that Howard Gardner, at Harvard, first published his theories of “multiple intelligences.” Applied to education, that meant that different students learned more effectively by different means: whether linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, etc. It seems axiomatic now; it wasn’t then. Don envisioned an environment that offered multiple teaching methods, in order to connect with all students. [Of course, Don didn’t teach us Gardner himself; rather he recruited those experts who could.]
For that vision, Don’s vision, California awarded us – San Carlos – Charter #001.
I met Don when he was superintendent of the San Carlos School District (K-8). In late 1992, he recruited my help – along with dozens of other community members – to launch what would become the SCCLC. Minnesota was the first state to authorize Charter Schools, in 1991, with the first school opening in 1992. California was the second, with legislation in 1992 and first launch in 1993.
Shalvey recruited the San Carlos group to write a Charter application in late 1992. The Legislature had authorized only 10 of these new, experimental schools to open. The SC organizing committees were convened in early 1993. I was a member of the founding Governance Council, from early 1993, through the first 1994-5 school year (on Harbor Blvd.).
I’m so proud of this community school; this community resource; our community jewel. It took dozens of us (now hundreds… thousands?) to create and maintain it. While it was nice, we didn’t need Bill and Hillary Clinton to drop by in 1997 to know that our SCCLC is so wonderful. For me, it’s certainly that parental involvement, that cohesion between the educators and the community, that make it so effective and special. I understand that the SCCLC is now the oldest continuously operating charter school in the USA.
Don was an indefatigable worker, a flywheel of energy that harnessed an entire community. He didn’t dictate. The SCCLC is not Don’s blueprint. Rather, it was Don’s vision that the San Carlos community would create and shape and define a new educational resource. And we did. A community blueprint. And Don inseminated and birthed us.
San Carlos is a great town. Six of our seven public schools now have some charter element in their current structure. If Don had never come to San Carlos, I believe our community would have found their way to a CLC, though several years later. Don gave us a head-start.
Don was quite a dude. We talked often those first years. His humor was rather randy; his dancing spirited. And sometimes in moments of crisis – and there were several that first year – many of us responsible could feel as if standing precariously on a precipice. But as I said, Don recruited excellent talent. He had faith in us to find our own way, even when our own confidence was teetering. Don was always there at the most critical moments, to buttress that confidence and keep our eyes on the goals.
You can see a lot of good headshots of Don on his online obituaries. And I encourage you to read those obits. The SCCLC was only one of Don’s many excellent contributions. The Aspire Schools; the Gates Foundation; he did a lot. I’ve posted a photograph on LinkedIn and apologize for the poor resolution. It’s from a celebration at the end of our first SCCLC year, with Don leading the band in a rendition of Otis Redding’s “Dock of the Bay.” Most of the SCCLC staff comprise the “doo wop” back-up singers. And it was great.
Don couldn’t sing. Nevertheless, he was a great frontman. I miss him. More importantly, my community is greatly enriched by his legacy. Thank you, Don.
Tim Taylor 4 weeks ago4 weeks ago
John…..what a great article for a legendary leader. Don mentored so many of us but what stood out for me is that the core of his leadership was student first advocacy. He was so relentless and visionary to provide vulnerable students with the same opportunities as their fellow wealthier students. Few leaders owned the room when we was in there like Don Shalvey.
Well done, John.
Replies
John Fensterwald 4 weeks ago4 weeks ago
Thank you, Tim. Best of luck in retirement and thanks for your hard work on behalf of small school districts.
Jennifer Peck 1 month ago1 month ago
Great article John, I loved learning more about Don’s life and impact.
Gina Dalma 1 month ago1 month ago
A giant. Thanks for writing this, John. He marked so many lives. He will be sorely missed.
Alice Miller 1 month ago1 month ago
Don was a visionary, a mentor, and a friend for 36 years. He was always that guy you could bounce ideas off and turn to for advice. His impact on public education in California was defining, and his legacy extends nationally. An innovator and a champion for students, he had a tremendous impact on so many lives - including mine. His death had been expected, but his contributions will live on. RIP my friend. You … Read More
Don was a visionary, a mentor, and a friend for 36 years. He was always that guy you could bounce ideas off and turn to for advice. His impact on public education in California was defining, and his legacy extends nationally. An innovator and a champion for students, he had a tremendous impact on so many lives – including mine. His death had been expected, but his contributions will live on. RIP my friend. You will always be MY Superintendent.
Caroline Grannan 1 month ago1 month ago
Just a note on the passage of Prop. 39 in 2000 — I was a fervent supporter and campaigned for it, and of course was very involved and discussing it with many in the community. It was the lowering of the threshold for passing a school bond measure that drew support. Charter schools were little known at the time, and that piece of the law was barely noticed. With all due respect to Mr. Shalvey, … Read More
Just a note on the passage of Prop. 39 in 2000 — I was a fervent supporter and campaigned for it, and of course was very involved and discussing it with many in the community. It was the lowering of the threshold for passing a school bond measure that drew support. Charter schools were little known at the time, and that piece of the law was barely noticed. With all due respect to Mr. Shalvey, the part about charter schools being guaranteed space was kind of slipped sneakily in there. It has caused chaos and distress at times ever since.
Steven Kaufman 1 month ago1 month ago
Don hired me in 1995. This was my first certificated teaching job. This was when he was superintendent in San Carlos; this was also where he started the San Carlos Charter Learning Center, the first charter school in CA. In this first year he was not only my superintendent, but he was also my evaluator & mentor. My school did not have a principal, so he took this on, and worked directly with me during … Read More
Don hired me in 1995. This was my first certificated teaching job. This was when he was superintendent in San Carlos; this was also where he started the San Carlos Charter Learning Center, the first charter school in CA.
In this first year he was not only my superintendent, but he was also my evaluator & mentor. My school did not have a principal, so he took this on, and worked directly with me during my important first year of teaching. He would not talk with me during the observations, he would instead speak directly to the students about what we were doing in the classroom. He would then meet with me for an early breakfast as a follow-up after these observations, and at that time we would dive into teaching and learning.
These early morning conversations were extremely meaningful to me. His dynamic and unique approach has always stuck with me. I’m close to completing my 29th year as an educator, and I’m back in the classroom now after 21 years as an administrator at the site and district level. I think of Don often, and am so very grateful he was my first mentor. I recall clearly a question he asked in my interview with him before he offered me a position.Anyone hired by Don will likely recognize this, or a similar question. He had a statue of the four main characters in the Wizard of Oz in his office. He turned to me and asked me which character I most identified with, and why.
This was clearly a way for him to get to know me, and this highlights his approach with people. I want to thank Don Shalvey for what he’s done for education in our country, and all of his work specifically with charter schools, and with the Gates Foundation. You will be missed, and I’m beyond grateful to you, you will always be on my mind. Thank you Don.
Maggie Carrillo Mejia 1 month ago1 month ago
Loved reading your article celebrating Don’s legacy and recognition of his numerous contributions to education.
Barry groves 1 month ago1 month ago
We all loved Don. He was my mentor in opening charter schools in San Jose in 2001. He will be fondly remembered for generations. We will miss him.
Anna Hayman 1 month ago1 month ago
Charter schools are the opposite of “fearless.” Putting trust and hard work in public education is the brave and proven path. Removing and redirecting resources from our public schools to private charter systems run by unaccountable private companies is the height of cowardice.
Replies
John Fensterwald 1 month ago1 month ago
Thanks for your comment, Anna. Just a reminder that charter schools are public schools that are run by nonprofit organizations and are accountable to the school districts or county boards of education that approved their charters.
Anna Hayman 1 month ago1 month ago
https://networkforpubliceducation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Are-charter-schools-more-accountable-than-public-schools%C6%92.pdf
No, someone is following the facts.
Mike 1 month ago1 month ago
Someone has been uncritically believing CTA propaganda …
Anna Hayman 1 month ago1 month ago
https://tultican.com/2023/03/23/the-oligarchs-education-propaganda-distributor/
brave man! only a 6 figure salary to attack public schols. https://pdf.guidestar.org/PDF_Images/2020/510/536/2020-510536117-202123199349316152-9.pdf?_gl=1*1dvaxe*_gcl_au*NTc0NzEyNTUyLjE3MTAyMDEyOTA.*_ga*MzkzNDU0NDExLjE2NTg4Njg4NjU.*_ga_5W8PXYYGBX*MTcxMDk1OTYwOS44LjEuMTcxMDk1OTY1NS4xNC4wLjA.
CarolineSF 1 month ago1 month ago
I’m also a charter school critic, like Anna (and have been proven right many times over the years about supposed “miracles” that have fizzled — remember the press trumpeting Edison Schools? The Parent Trigger? The original dozens-of-kids-in-front-of-screens-with-one-para-supervising design of Rocketship Schools? All touted as revolutionizing education? I didn’t think so…). I withheld my criticism in my earlier comment in this thread and only spoke up to clarity the not-quite-on-target description of how and why … Read More
I’m also a charter school critic, like Anna (and have been proven right many times over the years about supposed “miracles” that have fizzled — remember the press trumpeting Edison Schools? The Parent Trigger? The original dozens-of-kids-in-front-of-screens-with-one-para-supervising design of Rocketship Schools? All touted as revolutionizing education? I didn’t think so…). I withheld my criticism in my earlier comment in this thread and only spoke up to clarity the not-quite-on-target description of how and why Prop. 39 passed. But speaking of courage, I have to say it took a lot for Anna to come back and make further points, with even the original author of the obit attempting to rebut her in the comments (an unusual journalistic practice) and others attacking her.